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\begin{document}

\title{Measuring Intraocular Pressure Using Soundwaves from a Smartphone}



\author[1]{Matthew Soanes}%
\author[1]{Khamis Essa}%
\author[1]{Haider Butt}%
\affil[1]{University of Birmingham}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 10, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Early detection of increasing values of intraocular pressure (IOP) due
to glaucoma can prevent sever ocular diseases and ultimately, prevent
loss of vision. Currently, the need for an accurate, mobile measurement
of intraocular pressure is unmet within the modern healthcare practices.
There is a potential to utilize soundwaves as a mobile measurement
method and therefore, the relationship between IOP and the reflection
coefficient of sound waves is investigated. Simulations are conducted
using COMSOL Multiphysics to provide theoretical confirmation of the
worthiness of the experiment. An experimental demonstrated is presented
to further investigate the relationship between the internal pressure of
an object and its acoustic reflection coefficient. The experiment
exploits the use of hydrostatic pressure to determine internal pressure,
and the reflection coefficient is measured and analyzed. An initial
experiment is conducted to identify the resonant frequency of the object
and the optimal frequency for maximizing reflection. The experiment
shows comprehensively that there is a relationship between the internal
pressure of an object and its acoustic reflection coefficient, providing
a confirmation of the theory that would allow mobile measurements of IOP
to be conducted with the use of a smart phone.%
\end{abstract}%



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