The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
HADS was a widely used scale for determining anxiety (HADS-A) and
depression (HADS-D) in the clinical setting. It comprises of 14 items
with
a score of 0 to 3 for each item. There is a total score of 21 for
anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items), respectively. The cut-off
for clinical anxiety or depression was defined as HADS-A or HADS-D score
≥ 8, respectively. A higher score indicates greater anxiety or
depression levels.