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One example is how to protect ourselves against covid-19. Although droplet protection was initially informed by WHO against covid-19, the airborne protection should have been proposed based on the past lessons from SARS and MERS. Another example is Pouillet’s law or Ohm’s law. Based on Pouillet’s law, the electrical resistance is proportional to electrical resistivity, the length of the specimen. According to the conductance quantum, the resistance of an atomic conductor does not scale proportional to length which contradicts with Pouillet’s law.
Although WHO (world health organization) should be a trusted organization, WHO has informed us optimistic protections against covid-19. WHO gave advices on wearing masks to protect against covid-19 in January 20202. WHO stated that the virus can be spread via infectious droplets or through touching contaminated surfaces in April 20203. WHO gave the contradictory message in June 2020 “Non-medical, fabric masks are being used by many people in public areas, but there has been limited evidence on their effectiveness and WHO does not recommend their widespread use among the public for control of COVID-19”4. In July 2020, WHO finally announced that airborne precautions are needed against covid-195. WHO should have known the following fact long time ago that “droplet precautions should be added to standard precautions when providing care to all patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Contact precautions and eye protection should be added when caring for suspected or confirmed cases of MERS. Airborne precautions should be applied when performing aerosol‐generating procedures”6,7,8. Based on the past lessons of SARS and MERS, pessimistic protections instead of optimistic protections should be announced by the trusted scientific communities including WHO against the infection diseases.
Based on Pouillet’s law, the electrical resistance of a uniform specimen of the material is proportional to electrical resistivity, the length of the specimen, and the inverse of the cross-sectional area of the specimen respectively. Au (gold) can be stretched into conducting chains of individual atoms9. After a new discovery of the conductance quantum, we understand that the resistance of an atomic conductor does not scale proportional to length9. This means that scientific information is not robust but tentative. Science should be based on replacing expired facts and evidences with new ones.