Conclusion
The global pandemic of novel coronavirus has attracted much research attention into the pathogenesis mechanism, immune mechanism, and treatment strategies. Currently, there is current no definite and specific drug for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Patients are often treated with the reported medicines showing efficacy against SARS-CoV from historical experience. Such drugs include, CQ, HCQ, ribavirin, remdesivir and Lopinavir/ritonavir. In 17, June, the latest reports indicate that the branch clinical trials on HCQ have been discontinued due to lack of efficacy in reducing fatality rate of patients with COVID-19. In addition to drug therapy, immunotherapy has also been developed. For instance, interferon therapy, neutralizing antibody therapy and convalescent plasma therapy have been studied, but their efficacy and safety should be investigated in detail. In addition, severe patients with COVID-19 show elevated secretion of cytokines caused by excessive immune response. In cases where immune overexpression causes death of novel coronavirus, effective control of cytokine may decrease the mortality rate of COVID-19. The production of cytokine can be achieved using the following main inhibitors: IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, GM-CSF inhibitors and JAK inhibitors. For the suppression of excessive immune response, there may not be a single specific medicine, while combination therapy of inhibitors can lower the cytokine storm curve. In conclusion, COVID-19 can be controlled by reducing the spread range of novel coronavirus by isolating. Furthermore, specific medicine, immunotherapy and preventive or therapeutic vaccines can be developed via further studies of pathogenesis and immune mechanism.
Last, we would like to thank all the medical staff who fought against the SARS-CoV-2, and thank all research teams working on SARS-CoV-2 for their outstanding contribution. The world will eventually defeat the virus.