Ethics statement
The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted
on the journal’s author guidelines page, have been adhered to and the
appropriate ethical review committee approval has been received. This
study was nested within the Zoonoses in Livestock in Kenya (ZooLinK)
project. Tick, louse, flea, and blood samples were collected from cattle,
goats, sheep, and pigs at LMs or presented for slaughter at SHs and
approved by the International Livestock Research Institute Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee (ref IACUC-RC 2017-04). Data from human
owners of livestock was collected after approval by the International
Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Institutional Research Ethics
Committee (ref ILRI-IREC 2017-08/2). Both committees are licensed by the
National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) in
Kenya.