Affiliations :
1. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe ), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
2. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
3. University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
4. International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
*Corresponding author, jandouwe@icipe.org