Fig. 5 Calculated electric field in different width. Absolute values of the electric field strengths in PH pores (left) are observed to be larger than those in HH nanopores (right). Increases in pore width decreases the strength of the electric field in both pore systems.
In Fig.6, we discuss the orientation of the water molecules at a concentration of 58.82% in both pore systems. The water orientational direction is defined as the angle between V1 and V2 vectors (Fig. 6a), where V1 is a unit vector normal to the surface and V2 is the OH vector. Fig. 6b shows one sharp peak in the PH pore at 130° indicating that the two OH bonds are aligned with the direction of the electric field. These results are similar to those presented in Skinner et al.89. The OH bond orientation in HH pores is more heterogeneous with a relatively weaker peak at 90°, which is consistent with Cramer et al. 90. Figs. 5 and 6 confirm that the existence of electric field influences the orientation of water molecules within the pore.