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\begin{document}

\title{Wearable Energy Harvester for Biomechanical Movements.}



\author[1]{Sang-Woo Kim}%
\author[2]{Wanchul Seung}%
\author[3]{Backstories}%
\affil[1]{School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)}%
\affil[2]{School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering}%
\affil[3]{Backstories}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 18, 2024}


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This is the Backstory of~~\emph{Nanopatterned Textile-Based Wearable
Triboelectric Nanogenerator~\cite{Seung_2015}}.

\emph{}Recently, various wearable devices such as smart bands, smart
watches, smart glasses, etc. have been developed in order to improve our
quality of life. However, they have limited operating time due to volume
and weight constraints.

In order to solve these problems, several research groups have reported
transparent, flexible, and stretchable nanogenerators using plastic or
elastomer substrates. Nonetheless, those substrates are not suitable
enough for actual wearable devices. We therefore began a study of the
textile based triboelectric nanogenerator that are indeed inherently
compatible with the human body movements.

\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
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\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/wtng/wtng}
\caption{{Schematic illustration of the WTNG.
{\label{208148}}%
}}
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\end{figure}

The textile is required to have a large surface area for obtaining high
triboelectric output from the device. In order to increase the surface
area, we realized a nanopatterned triboelectric layer on an Ag-coated
textile despite the fact that the realization of a periodically
well-aligned nanopatterns on the Ag-coated textile was so challenging.
In fact, the making of nanopattern template on the Ag-coated textile had
many technical limitations. For instance, growth temperature of the
template should be adequately low in order to prevent any thermal damage
to Ag as well as textile itself. We have utilized the solution growth
method of ZnO nanorods on the Ag-coated textile at a low temperature of
under 100 resulting in no thermal damage to Ag/textile. As grown
well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays on the Ag-textile act as a very good
template for making PDMS nanopatterns. Beside, adhesion between
substrate and nanostructure is another crucial aspect as a poor adhesion
can lead to an inferior mechanical durability. However, by incorporating
silicon based organic material as nanopatterened layer, we have achieved
high mechanical robustness; indeed, we have demonstrated a sustainable
operation over 12,000 cycles.

\par\null

The wearable triboelectric nanogenerator have been utilized to harvest
biomechanical energy for successfully powering LEDs, an LCD and a
keyless vehicle entry system without any help of external power sources.
Such self-powered operations demonstrate its potential applications for
powering smart cloths, health care monitoring systems, personal
electronics etc. by harvesting the biomechanical energy.

\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/smartwear/smartwear}
\caption{{The self-powered smart suit.
{\label{260308}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The triboelectric generation is a promising energy harvesting technology
with the advantages of high output voltage and efficiency, low cost,
high versatility and simplicity in structural design and fabrication,
stability and robustness, as well as environmental friendliness. The
textile however, offers additional benefits to the technology as as it
can realize realize high performance triboelectric generators due to the
strong triboelectricity of the micro scale fiber structures and is most
suitable material for the wearable applications.

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